See vexen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "vex"
},
{
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"lang_code": "sco",
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}
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"name": "ety"
},
{
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"4": "vexō, vexāre"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French vexer, from Latin vexō, vexāre.",
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{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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{
"form": "vexen",
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]
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{
"form": "to vexen",
"source": "conjugation",
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"infinitive"
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{
"form": "vexe",
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"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
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"first-person",
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},
{
"form": "vexed",
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"first-person",
"past",
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]
},
{
"form": "vexede",
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"past",
"singular"
]
},
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"form": "vexest",
"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexedest",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexeth",
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"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
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"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vexede",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
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]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
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]
},
{
"form": "vexede",
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"tags": [
"past",
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]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
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"imperative",
"present",
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]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
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"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexen",
"source": "conjugation",
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"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
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"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yvexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vex",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wexe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "vexen",
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],
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{
"args": {
"1": "vex"
},
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}
],
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"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "avexen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vexacioun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vexynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To afflict; to hurt (someone)"
],
"id": "en-vexen-enm-verb-QihuzJ2T",
"links": [
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To spoil; to devastate (a region)"
],
"id": "en-vexen-enm-verb-8Tkom5wj",
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[
"spoil",
"spoil"
],
[
"devastate",
"devastate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To harass; to bother (someone)"
],
"id": "en-vexen-enm-verb-mE4hASwL",
"links": [
[
"harass",
"harass"
],
[
"bother",
"bother"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 29 8 2 2 2 29 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 34 2 1 1 1 31 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 66 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 73 8",
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "24 0 0 56 20 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pain",
"orig": "enm:Pain",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bring legal action (against someone)"
],
"id": "en-vexen-enm-verb-YRy0~w5q",
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[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) To bring legal action (against someone)"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To distress; to torment (someone)"
],
"id": "en-vexen-enm-verb-jJeAsMmp",
"links": [
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛksən/"
}
],
"word": "vexen"
}
{
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "vexen",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to grow",
"word": "waxen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Herefordshire Middle English",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of waxen (“to grow”)"
],
"id": "en-vexen-enm-verb-qedLqziK",
"links": [
[
"waxen",
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]
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"(Herefordshire) alternative form of waxen (“to grow”)"
],
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]
}
],
"word": "vexen"
}
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"1": "enm",
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},
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"name": "der"
}
],
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{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
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{
"form": "vexen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to vexen",
"source": "conjugation",
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"infinitive"
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},
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},
{
"form": "vexe",
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{
"form": "vexed",
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]
},
{
"form": "vexede",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
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]
},
{
"form": "vexest",
"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexedest",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexeth",
"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
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"third-person"
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},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vexede",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vexede",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vexen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vexynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yvexed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vexe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "vex",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wexe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "vexen",
"name": "head"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "vex"
},
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"word": "avexen"
},
{
"word": "vexacioun"
},
{
"word": "vexynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To afflict; to hurt (someone)"
],
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[
"afflict",
"afflict"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To spoil; to devastate (a region)"
],
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[
"spoil",
"spoil"
],
[
"devastate",
"devastate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To harass; to bother (someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"harass",
"harass"
],
[
"bother",
"bother"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To bring legal action (against someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) To bring legal action (against someone)"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To distress; to torment (someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛksən/"
}
],
"word": "vexen"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English variant lemmas",
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"expansion": "vexen",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to grow",
"word": "waxen"
}
],
"categories": [
"Herefordshire Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of waxen (“to grow”)"
],
"links": [
[
"waxen",
"waxen#Middle_English:_to_grow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Herefordshire) alternative form of waxen (“to grow”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "vexen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vexen meaning in Middle English (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Herefordshire",
"path": [
"vexen"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "vexen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Herefordshire",
"path": [
"vexen"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "vexen",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.